Indirectness free essay sample

Communication is a crucial part of our daily life. We have to admit that how to communicate with others is a form of art. It is easy to notice that use different forms to express the same meaning may have different responses from others. In verbal communication, we often utter our intention in a roundabout way rather than speaking it out directly. This interesting phenomenon is regarded as indirectness which widely exists in daily communication. Searle (1979:31) defines indirect speech acts as ‘cases in which one illocutionary act is performed indirectly by way of performing another’.For example, can you pass me the pen? When people utter this sentence, it is not only a question but request the addressee to pass the pen. Of course, it is of great importance to realize that indirect speech acts also have relations to politeness and cultures. Different cultures form different thinking patterns, value systems and cognitive style, so the realizations of indirect speech acts must be very different in English and Chinese. We will write a custom essay sample on Indirectness or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this paper, I show that what indirect speech acts is and the similarities and differences in Chinese indirectness and English indirectness. This paper begins with an overall survey about indirect speech acts. Indirect speech acts associated with politeness will be explored in following part. The universality and diversity in Chinese indirectness and English indirectness and how culture contributes to the diversity of indirect speech acts in Chinese and English will be illustrated in the final part. 2. Notion of indirect speech acts As we all know, speech act theory is the basis of indirect speech acts. Speech act theory was first proposed by Austin.In his theory of speech acts, he makes a distinction between constative sentence and performative sentence. Constative sentences are utterances that are used to state or describe things. By contrast, as Austin (1962: 6-7) points out that performative sentence ‘indicates that the issuing of the utterance is the performing of an action—it is not normally thought of as just saying something’. Subsequently, Austin realized that constatives are just a special kind of preformatives (Huang, 2007: 101). So Austin shifted to develop speech acts into three facets: locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act.Among these three facets, illocutionary act which is used to express addressor’s intention interested Austin most (Levinson, 1983:236). And then, Austin (1962) classified them into five types: verdictives, exercitives, commissives, behabitives and expositives. Based on the theory explored by Austin, Searle further developed felicity conditions, classifications of speech acts and put forward indirect speech acts theory firstly. Searle (1979:31) defines indirect speech acts as ‘cases in which one illocutionary act is performed indirectly by way of performing another’.

The eNotes Blog Scholarship Spotlight August2016

Scholarship Spotlight August2016 Every month, we select some of the best scholarships around and post them here on our blog. When you are ready to apply, check out our tips on  how to write a scholarship essay. Visit   Essay Lab  if you’re looking for a writing expert  to review and provide feedback on your scholarship or college application essays! Race Entry Student Scholarship Amount:  $500 Eligibility:  Enrollment at an accredited college inside the US for fall semester Requirements: Write a short essay explaining what inspired you to run, what challenges you faced, and what you learned through the experience. Due Date:  August 15, 2016 Learn more and apply Albertson Davidson, LLP Student Scholarship Amount: $2,500 Eligibility:  All individuals currently attending or planning on attending an accredited US college or university for fall of 2016 Requirements:  A 500-word essay that answers the selected prompt: Courts in the United States have little power to change the terms of a valid will, even if some of its terms seem unfair to people who would normally expect to inherit assets. Do you think that it should be legal to disinherit your spouse or children, and should courts be able to change the terms of a will that they decide is unfair? Why or why not?   Due Date: August 24, 2016 Learn more and apply BrokeScholar Scholarship Amount:  $1000 Eligibility:  Accepted or enrolled in a US college or university for 2016, cumulative GPA minimum of 2.5, any field of study Requirements:  Tweet or Instagram a picture of your idea about how to make money as a college student, then submit an application with a 300-600 word explanation. Due Date:  August  31, 2016 Learn more and apply RentHop Apartment Scholarship Amount: $1,000 Eligibility:  Undergraduate students in bachelors and associate degree programs in the US Requirements:  Compose an essay of less than 1000 words that answers: Technology is changing every aspect of our daily lives, from searching for real estate to phones in our pocket that are more powerful than anyone would have imagined a generation prior. In the next 5 years, what do you feel will be the most profound changes that impact college graduates, their careers, and their personal lives? To what extent are those cultural and societal shifts aligned with your personal ambitions, your school degree program, and the RentHop values? Due Date:  August 31, 2016 Learn more and apply Clubs of America Scholarship Award for Career Success Amount:  $1,000 Eligibility:  Current college student of an accredited US college or university with a cumulative GPA of 3.0 or higher Requirements:  Submit an essay of at least 600 words about your career aspirations and how your current course load will help you achieve success in your career. Due Date:  August 31, 2016 Learn more and apply

Christian wordview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Christian wordview - Essay Example I Corinthians 12:3-6 – These texts show that people, who have the Holy Spirit do not curse Jesus, but praise him. In addition to that, they show that the Spirit gives different people varying gifts, but all for serving the Lord. John 17:20-26 – In these verses we find Jesus praying that believers should be one with God and fellow Christians so that unbelievers may see and believe. Further, Jesus prays that believers may one day ascend to where he is and see his glory. These verses are important and can shape the perspective of a Christian about the world. From the texts, it is evident that God intends humans to have a better life than we currently have. For this reason, Jesus came down to earth humbled himself, taught disciples, and commissioned them to preach the same good news to the entire world. The commission that the disciples receive involves preaching and baptizing those who believe in the Father, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit. This implies that man’s life ought to have a purpose, to believe in God, which is marked by the Holy Spirits presence. Genesis 1 and 2 – These two chapters of the Bible describe creation. Chapter 1 details the process of creation in seven days while chapter shows God creating Adam and Eve and settling them in the Garden of Eden. Romans 8:18-25 – Paul expresses his concerns over the frustration that creation was subjected to because of sin. However, he provides assurance that Christ will liberate creation and asks readers to trust and have faith in Him. Colossians 1:15-20 – These passages depict Christ as the master architect of the creation process. What is more, God allowed His glory to be shown through Christ, that man might be liberated and the beauty of creation before sin be revealed. These texts principally talk about creation showing how beautiful the process was and that Christ will

Integration of WIMAX to Broadband Networks Dissertation

Integration of WIMAX to Broadband Networks - Dissertation Example The degradation of transmitted radio signal due to interference from the external source of radio frequency energy diminishes the strength and quality of signal. This makes it difficult for the RF receiver to clearly distinguish the radio signal from background energy. The direct spectrum overlapping due to unidentified internal or external source is the root cause of this problem. The Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) helps to sub channelize and support adaptive modulation allowing the data rates and link quality to be balanced dynamically. This is essential to remove interference as per design layout of IEEE 802-16d (2004) standards. Ensuring proper site survey and round –the-clock access of the structure and the base station helps greatly to reduce the signal interference. Providing closer connectivity points such as towers and access points, and enhancing use of multiple connectivity choices, to make available to user, the best radio frequency, improves Quality of Service (QoS) immensely.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The IEEE 802-16e (2005) standards advocate use of SOFDMA technology that is suitable for using advanced and intelligent antennas to support coverage, facilitate self installation, reduce power consumption, enable frequency re-use, promote power consumption, promote band width efficiency   and provide full mobility support. The WIMAX certification allows complete interoperability with other certified products as long as they fit in same profile.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The hand off system in the WIMAX technology helps to provide continuity.

Childhood eating disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Childhood eating disorders - Essay Example The key points found within this research, in regards to this underlying problem, details other causative factors such as socialization, educational, depressive states, personality traits, and a myriad of other complex, and hidden causes perpetuating upon the main problem, which is the eating disorder itself. The point of this research was to try and bring more concise facts into the reasons this disorder has become a growing concern in the medical field today. The ways in which it could be prevented and controlled are all touched upon as well. The ultimate point that was clarified in concluding this research was the fact that more attention to the signs and characteristics of eating disorders among children needed to be focused on, in order to ensure youths have an emotionally balanced and productive life in the best way possible. Childhood Eating Disorders do not appear out of thin air. There is always an underlying cause for this type of disorder among children and it could be from any number of things. Many doctors believe that there are multideterminants to diagnosing an eating disorder among children. As has been mentioned, there are a number of causative factors that can be held responsible. One of these happens to be the occurrence of sexual abuse. Oddly enough, this type of traumatic episode can lead children to turning to food as an escape. The only thing this does is mask the much larger problem, as well as leading to health complications (Petrie, Tripp 2001). What has been pinpointed in the correlation between sexual abuse and the development of an eating disorder is the fact that when children are sexually abused they develop a self-perception that is filled with negativities. They perceive their body image as a negative thing, their self-esteem lowers, and more than anything else they become embarrassed and ashamed of their own bodies. Food is simply a comforting experience for them and they use it to conceal their other emotions away from their peers, family, and the doctors treating them. Periods of severe domestic violence harshly impact a child's chance at a normal life, especially in their control over their eating habits. As with sexual abuse, children who are beaten are statistically shown to use foods as a type of sheltering avoidance of their circumstances (Salisbury & Wichman 2004). Children between the ages of 6-12 struggle constantly with anxiety, mood swings, and eating disorders. They get headaches, stomachaches, can't co ncentrate, and develop a very passive characteristic about their life in general (Salisbury & Wichmann 2004). Food is their reprieve, their escape away from reality. Early intervention into situations such as these can prevent these occurrences from happening. Nevertheless, these are not the sole causal factors of the development and progression of an eating disorder among young people. Some of the other possibilities that lead to this particular disorder are, social, cultural, developmental, psychological, and physical/physiological causative reasoning (Petrie, Tripp 2001). In a social context the problem is centered basically around the concept of thin is beautiful, and this especially impacts young girls. They go on crazy diets, some to the point of starvation just to

Clothing as a Form of Nonverbal Communication

Clothing as a Form of Nonverbal Communication Researching this topic has been interesting and this essay will show that dress is a central form of communication, through the many studies around this topic. Different cultures use dress to represent values central to their faith. Children are dressed in uniforms to make them all the same and principals believe this helps them to behave. Different pieces of clothing can represent very unique things in various countries, showing that dress is a central form of communication. 68% of patients said that they were more comfortable with their health professions dressing in a professional manner. (Lascher et al, 2006) This included a white coat in 96% of answers. (Lascher et al, 2006) This study suggests that patients feel more comfortable with doctors in profressional dress, this is just one example of how clothing can evoke trust in a non-verbal manner. I once saw a quote which says alot for this essay We act the way we dress. Neglected and untidy clothes reflect a neglected and untidy mind If we dress a certain way we attribute certain characteristics such as the professional and calm manner a doctor represents in his white coat, it makes him appear knowledgable and trustworthy. In Ireland if a person were to wear a red bandana, not many would bat an eyelid, however if the same Irish person were to travel with their bandana they would evoke very different responses in different places. For example in Australia a red bandana would tell people that the person was an activist, or if the person wore their bandana in Indonesia theyd be considered a rebel fighter. (Maynard, 2005, p. 102) Clothing and dress can tell us many things about people. In the western world, men and women will often wear wedding rings when they are married, and women have an engagement ring to show their intent to marry. This however is specific to cultures, as in the hindu culture, a woman puts red powder on the parting of her hair to show she is married but in her culture also shows her husband is alive and well. (Barnes Eicher, 1993, p. 207) The Hindu culture is a good example of the non-verbal functions of dress. A man who is familiar with the hindu dress rules would know details such as when a woman is menstruating by the way she presents herself. (Barnes Eicher, 1993, pp. 200-207) A hindu widow only wears garments which have not been dyed such as plain colours like white and cream. (Barnes Eicher, 1993, pp. 204-6) Hinduism puts the appearance of a future child in direct association with how a wife dresses and acts. (Barnes Eicher, 1993) If the women is menstruating and she brushes her hair the scriptures say her child will be bald. (Barnes Eicher, 1993) Dress in clearly central in communication within the Hindu culture. The islam religion also brings interesting dress styles to the public. The wearing of a burqa in the muslim tradition has been controversial in western society with Jacque Shiraq banning all students in France from wearing the burqa, he is now attempting to ban the burqa completely from France. Islam prefers women to be covered up completely so that she does not attract any attention to herself. (Al-Islamiyah) She is allowed dress to the taste that pleases her husband once they are behind closed doors, but outside her home she must cover up her whole body. (Al-Islamiyah) Western society criticises these dress rules as they appear to oppress the woman, however muslims argue that this protects the women and allows her be treated more like a human being than a sex object. (Al-Islamiyah) This source argues that western dress sense allows women be exploited and creates problems such as trying to stay young and beautiful enough so that you remain married. This is one side to a story, a side which is neither right nor wrong but definietly illustrates that within the muslim culture dress is a central form of communication. Their dress sense to them shows others respect and illustrates loyalty and dignity, values similar to the values western patients put on their doctors when they wore a white coat. This shows us that we assign values and certain beliefs to people by what they wear. The muslim women who choose to wear the burqa are devoted to their religion, they are respectful of their familys beliefs and their culture and they are loyal to their husband. (Al-Islamiyah) These values then portray ideas to the general public, such as the muslim women must be for example, dedicated in things she believes in, so if that women were to apply for a job associated with many hours the interviewer might give her a better chance knowing that she would be dedicated. Western culture dress is very different from the muslim burqa. Here in Ireland the main arguments with regard to dress are uniforms in school, whether work places allow workers to wear smart casual or purely smart clothes. Is the act of wearing a uniform represent a deeper meaning? I think it does, for example all of the police forces around the world have uniforms to show the people who they are and also represent the power they have. This is true also for armed forces, if you even think to when children used to play games, if you put feathers in your hair you became an Indian, dressing can show us roles which helps in the processes of communication. People always say first impressions are important and a person makes up their mind whether to hire you in the first twenty seconds of meeting you so it is clear dress is a major part of communication. How much verbal communication can one show in twenty seconds? It must therefore be non-verbal so includes dress, body language and expres sions. So we must learn to dress for occasions. Dress is even more important in everyday life in the western world. People meet their husbands and wives for the first time often by catching someones attention by their clothing. This is why fashion has become so important in Ireland today. The issue of uniforms in school, is principals believe that children conform to rules better in a uniform way when dressed the same. Having experienced a no uniform day in a school on my placement I have witnessed the chaos children reek in the school yard in their own clothes. There have been studies done on uniforms and 85% of schools thought that dress-codes not uniforms help improve behaviour. (Lumsden Miller, 2002) They also reported that there was less sexual harassment and it helped prepare the students for the working world they would be joining in a short few years. (Lumsden Miller, 2002) What they wear on these non uniform days can tell their friends something about them, for example a girl wearing track-suit bottoms might illustrate she is a tom-boy. That girl wouldnt have to say she is a tomboy but just by wearing the outfit she would be showing her class that she thinks she has characteristics to that label. Children who have uniforms are also less likely to be bullied for the clothes they wear. (Clark, 2007) Children agree that wearing a uniform makes them less likely to behave badly outside of school as they would be easily identified. (Clark, 2007) This shows as well that uniforms can be a form of identity which is all part of communication. A person from a community might recognise a pupil from a school by their uniform and instantly form ideas about them based on this, so the uniform also adds to the first impression a person may get. The argument for uniforms is a part of this essay as many Irish schools have uniforms and thus we identify many children through this part of their clothing and the uniform becomes a central part of communication. The way we dress in western society can also influence others opinions of us. If one dresses smart for an interview and looks clean, then what does the employer think? (Clodfelter) What one wears would tell an employer that the person is trustworthy, is professional and has a level of confidence needed for the job. (Clodfelter) The way we dress can tell others the social class we are in, the level of success we have enjoyed and the type of moral character we are. (Clodfelter) Dressing appropriately for interviews can also show your educational status, your economical level in society and the heritage you had. If first impressions can tell a person all of that information how can dress not be a central part of communication? With regard to social care, it is clear although many agencys do not have uniforms such as scrubs, staff are expected to wear clothes which are suitable. In child care, student placements are often expected to wear either black trousers or jeans which fit properly, and tops which are not offensive to anyone and also cover all areas of the midrift, back and chest. (University of Heuston Child Care Centre) In some social care centres staff all wear the same top which makes them easily identifiable to service users and the public alike. It makes communication easier, for example if you are in a shop and need some assistance you would spot a member of staff quicker if they are dressed in a retail specific t-shirt. In western society we dress to tell people we are a certain kind of person. Successful men dress in suits and formal attire to work, they wear ties. Trades men buy expensive work pants and expensive brands of tools to show they are on a high paid job. Many women buy themselves branded handbags thinking it makes them that bit classier than the next woman. Children beg for the expensive branded sneakers and clothes to show their friends that they are cool. Teenagers wear low cut tops on nights out to show that they are growing up, they wear short skirts to rebel against their parents. Young people get tattoos to show their support for something or someone or maybe just to fit in to society. The middle-aged sometimes wear clothes that make them appear slimmer, taller, better endowed, but why do we do all these seemingly crazy things? We do this to portray our feelings, to make ourselves feel a certain way, to show others a part of ourselves they may not have seen yet. These reasons are all showing that dress can be a central part of nonverbal communication.

Impacts of Tourism in Vancouver Essay -- Tourism

Tourism is an endeavour sought by an individual or a party of individuals, which leads to a movement from one place to another with the idealism of a specific task, to visit a place or several places with the primary purpose of achieving entertainment and increasing knowledge of countries, cultures, and their history. The expression ‘largest industry in the world’ is universally used with mention to tourism, ensuring its recognition as the largest generator of wealth (over 11.7% of the global gross domestic product) and employment (7% of the world’s jobs); this shows that tourism is indeed an important industry that depends on culture and legacy.(Budeanu, 2002) Vancouver is feasibly one of the most prevalent tourist destinations in Canada due to many factors, from white-capped mountains to high-energy entertainment, and by recalling the most recent major event that occurred in Vancouver, the Olympics; it is evident that this city unquestionably has something for e veryone. Vancouver is considered a developed country; many people come to this city to become inspired by its beauty, but there is a rising concern that tourism expansion is leading destinations, such as Vancouver, to squander their cultural identity. By catering to the apparent needs of tourists they appear to forget their own roots and the culture that they were once proud of. The concern is the latent conflict between the economic and cultural interests, leading to traditions and customs being sacrificed for reasons of promoting tourism; creating a supplementary economic value at the expense of exhausting a cultural value. Tourism is a method to demonstrate the community’s pride and to teach others of their wonderful culture. Although tourism is astronomically i... ...-7 6e3dfcd8c82%40sessionmgr11&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29w Z T1zaXRl#db=bth&AN=48793830#db=bth&AN=48793830 Morrison, (2003. Vancouver real estate market trends, news and outlook: Retrieved November 17, 2010, from: http:// www.realestatevancouver2010.com/market.html Ryan, C. (1991). Tourism and marketing - a symbiotic relationship? Retrieved November 17, 2 2010, from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6V9R-4 5TVFH6-4 1&_cdi=5905&_user=1067211&_pii=026151779190064Z&_origin=search &_coverDate=06%2F30%2F1991&_sk=999879997&view=c&wchp=dGLzVtb-zSk Wb&md5=73d880153e08b4913ee7d601f49f60fb&ie=/sdarticle.pdf Schloegel, C. (2007). 'Sustainable tourism', journal of sustainable forestry. 247 — 264(3). Retrieved November 17, 2010, from: http://pdfserve.informaworld.com/314885_770885140_902240910.pdf